306 lines
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306 lines
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<title>Multi-Functional RC Controller (MFC) — Projects — Ertunç Özbay</title>
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<meta name="description" content="Engineering documentation, C99 ESP-IDF firmware, KiCad schematic downloads, and build commands for the ESP32-S3-N16R8 Multi-Functional RC Controller (MFC) by Ertunç Özbay.">
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<span class="brand-mark" aria-hidden="true">EÖ</span>
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Ertunç Özbay
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<span class="brand-subtitle">embedded // hardware // open-source</span>
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<header class="workshop-hero">
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<div class="card-meta">
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<span class="badge badge-progress">Status: Rev 0.1 Carrier Built → Phase 2 Console Expansion</span>
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<span>Project 01 // ESP32-S3-N16R8 • 2.4 GHz RF • ESP-IDF C99</span>
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</div>
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<h1><span class="gradient-title">Multi-Functional RC Controller (MFC)</span></h1>
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<p class="hero-lead">
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A custom 2.4 GHz wireless transmitter and embedded control console powered by an <strong>ESP32-S3-N16R8</strong> (Dual-Core LX7 @ 240 MHz, 16 MB Flash, 8 MB Octal PSRAM) and an <strong>nRF24L01+ PA+LNA</strong> RF transceiver.
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</p>
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<p class="reading-width">
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Designed to serve as a universal handheld and desktop transmitter for external robotic platforms (such as my <a href="rc-autonomous-vehicle.html">4WD RC & Autonomous Vehicle</a>) while integrating dual K-Silver Hall-effect joysticks, a 1.3" ST7789 IPS TFT display, MicroSD storage, and MAX4466 audio capture.
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</p>
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<div class="button-row">
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<a class="btn btn-primary" href="https://github.com/ertunc-ozbay/multi-functional-controller" rel="noopener noreferrer">💻 View GitHub Repo</a>
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<a class="btn btn-emerald" href="https://github.com/ertunc-ozbay/multi-functional-controller/archive/refs/heads/master.zip">⬇ Download Repo (.zip)</a>
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<a class="btn btn-cyan" href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ertunc-ozbay/multi-functional-controller/master/hardware/mfc-1/mfc-1.kicad_sch" download="mfc-1.kicad_sch">📐 Download KiCad Schematic</a>
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<a class="btn btn-youtube" href="#poc-video">🎬 Watch PoC Video Slot</a>
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</div>
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</header>
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<!-- YouTube Proof-of-Concept Video Placeholder -->
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<section id="poc-video" class="poc-video-section" aria-labelledby="mfc-video-heading">
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<div class="poc-video-card">
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<span class="section-label">🎬 Proof of Concept // YouTube Video Showcase</span>
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<h2 id="mfc-video-heading">YouTube Proof-of-Concept Demonstration</h2>
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<div class="poc-video-screen" role="region" aria-label="YouTube Proof of Concept Video Placeholder">
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<div class="poc-play-badge" aria-hidden="true">
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<div class="poc-play-triangle"></div>
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</div>
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<span class="poc-status-pill">🎥 YouTube PoC Video — Recording / Coming Soon</span>
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<div class="poc-video-title">ESP32-S3 Multi-Functional Controller — Hardware & 2.4 GHz RF Telemetry Demo</div>
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<p class="poc-video-desc">
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Upcoming YouTube demonstration covering the Rev 0.1 perfboard carrier power-on test, 2.4 GHz nRF24L01+ packet transmission, Hall-effect gimbal ADC sampling, and ST7789 IPS TFT UI rendering.
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</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</section>
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<!-- Early Prototype Hardware Gallery -->
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<section class="section-block" aria-labelledby="p1-gallery">
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<span class="section-label">01 // Early Prototype Build (Rev 0.1 Perfboard Carrier)</span>
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<h2 id="p1-gallery">Very Early Prototype Hardware Gallery (Click to Zoom)</h2>
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<p class="reading-width">
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<em>Note:</em> The photos below show the <strong>very early Phase 1 (Rev 0.1) perfboard carrier build</strong>. Currently populated: female/male pin header sockets, 100 µF electrolytic bulk decoupling capacitor, ESP32-S3-N16R8 module, nRF24L01+ 2.4 GHz radio header, and 3.3V/5V/GND power distribution rails. These photos will be updated as the Phase 2 DT-100 desktop console modules are installed.
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</p>
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<div class="card-grid">
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<figure class="card card-amber" style="margin:0;">
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<img class="zoomable-img" src="../assets/images/TOP_VIEW.png" alt="Top view of the early Rev 0.1 Multi-Functional Controller perfboard carrier" style="width:100%; height:auto; border-radius:8px; margin-bottom:0.75rem;">
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<figcaption>
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<strong>Top View (Rev 0.1):</strong> Early perfboard carrier showing dual 22-pin female header sockets for the ESP32-S3, power rail pin headers, and the 100 µF bulk capacitor.
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</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<figure class="card card-amber" style="margin:0;">
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<img class="zoomable-img" src="../assets/images/SIDE_VIEW_WITH_ANTENNA.png" alt="Side view of the Multi-Functional Controller with 2.4 GHz nRF24L01+ SMA duck antenna" style="width:100%; height:auto; border-radius:8px; margin-bottom:0.75rem;">
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<figcaption>
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<strong>RF Transceiver Profile:</strong> Side profile with the nRF24L01+ PA+LNA 2.4 GHz module and external SMA whip antenna mounted on the carrier.
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</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<figure class="card card-amber" style="margin:0;">
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<img class="zoomable-img" src="../assets/images/BOTTOM_VIEW.png" alt="Bottom solder-side point-to-point wiring of the Rev 0.1 perfboard carrier" style="width:100%; height:auto; border-radius:8px; margin-bottom:0.75rem;">
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<figcaption>
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<strong>Bottom Solder Routing:</strong> Hand-soldered point-to-point bus and power distribution traces on the underside of the phenolic perfboard.
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</figcaption>
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</figure>
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</div>
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</section>
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<!-- Build, Flash & Clone Commands + C99 Firmware Code -->
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<section class="section-block" aria-labelledby="p1-code">
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<span class="section-label">02 // Terminal Commands & ESP-IDF C99 Firmware</span>
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<h2 id="p1-code">Clone, Build & Flash Commands (ESP-IDF v5.2.2)</h2>
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<p class="reading-width">
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To build and flash the ESP32-S3 master firmware on Arch Linux (or any Linux system with ESP-IDF v5.2.2 installed), run the following commands:
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</p>
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<div class="code-window">
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<div class="code-window-header">
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<span class="code-window-title">
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<span class="code-dots"><span class="code-dot red"></span><span class="code-dot amber"></span><span class="code-dot green"></span></span>
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bash — Clone, Configure Target (esp32s3), Build & Flash
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</span>
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<button type="button" class="copy-code-btn" data-copy-code>📋 Copy Commands</button>
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</div>
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<pre><code># 1. Clone the Multi-Functional Controller repository
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git clone https://github.com/ertunc-ozbay/multi-functional-controller.git
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cd multi-functional-controller/firmware
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# 2. Export the ESP-IDF v5.2.2 toolchain environment
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source ~/esp/esp-idf/export.sh
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# 3. Verify target is set to esp32s3 and compile the firmware
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idf.py set-target esp32s3
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idf.py build
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# 4. Flash over USB-JTAG/UART and open real-time serial telemetry monitor
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idf.py -p /dev/ttyACM0 flash monitor</code></pre>
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</div>
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<h3>Master Node Pinout & Telemetry Firmware Snippet (<code>firmware/main/mmcontroller.c</code>)</h3>
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<p class="reading-width">
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Below is the hardware pinout and hardware `PCNT` quadrature rotary encoder / ADC1 setup from <a href="https://github.com/ertunc-ozbay/multi-functional-controller/blob/master/firmware/main/mmcontroller.c" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>firmware/main/mmcontroller.c</code></a>:
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</p>
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<div class="code-window">
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<div class="code-window-header">
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<span class="code-window-title">
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<span class="code-dots"><span class="code-dot red"></span><span class="code-dot amber"></span><span class="code-dot green"></span></span>
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c99 — firmware/main/mmcontroller.c (ESP32-S3-N16R8 Hardware Definitions)
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</span>
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<button type="button" class="copy-code-btn" data-copy-code>📋 Copy Code</button>
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</div>
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<pre><code>// --- 1. ADC1 ANALOG INPUTS (K-Silver Hall-Effect Joysticks & MAX4466 Mic) ---
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#define PIN_JOY_LX GPIO_NUM_4 // ADC1_CH3
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#define PIN_JOY_LY GPIO_NUM_5 // ADC1_CH4
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#define PIN_JOY_RX GPIO_NUM_6 // ADC1_CH5
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#define PIN_JOY_RY GPIO_NUM_7 // ADC1_CH6
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#define PIN_MIC_OUT GPIO_NUM_1 // ADC1_CH0 (MAX4466 Audio Preamp)
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// --- 2. SHARED SPI2 BUS (nRF24L01+ PA+LNA, ST7789 1.3" IPS TFT & MicroSD) ---
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#define PIN_SPI_MOSI GPIO_NUM_11
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#define PIN_SPI_SCK GPIO_NUM_12
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#define PIN_SPI_MISO GPIO_NUM_13
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#define PIN_NRF_CE GPIO_NUM_9
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#define PIN_NRF_CSN GPIO_NUM_10
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#define PIN_SD_CS GPIO_NUM_39
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#define PIN_TFT_CS GPIO_NUM_40
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#define PIN_TFT_DC GPIO_NUM_41
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#define PIN_TFT_RST GPIO_NUM_42
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// --- 3. HARDWARE PCNT ROTARY ENCODER & 2N2222A BJT DRIVER ---
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#define PIN_ENC_CLK GPIO_NUM_15
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#define PIN_ENC_DT GPIO_NUM_16
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#define PIN_ENC_SW GPIO_NUM_17
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#define PIN_BJT_BASE GPIO_NUM_21 // Drives 2N2222A base via 1 kOhm resistor</code></pre>
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</div>
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</section>
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<!-- KiCad Schematic -->
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<section class="section-block" aria-labelledby="p1-schematic">
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<span class="section-label">03 // Hardware Schematic Capture</span>
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<h2 id="p1-schematic">Early KiCad 9.0 Schematic (<code>mfc-1.svg</code>)</h2>
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<figure class="schematic-frame">
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<img class="zoomable-img" src="../assets/images/mfc-1.svg" alt="KiCad schematic diagram of the ESP32-S3 Multi-Functional Controller" style="background:#ffffff; border-radius:8px; padding:0.5rem;">
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<figcaption class="schematic-caption">
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Early prototype KiCad schematic (<code>mfc-1.kicad_sch</code>) — click to zoom full-screen or <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ertunc-ozbay/multi-functional-controller/master/hardware/mfc-1/mfc-1.kicad_sch" download="mfc-1.kicad_sch">download the raw KiCad 9.0 file</a>.
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</figcaption>
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</figure>
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</section>
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<!-- Confirmed ESP32-S3 Pinout -->
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<section class="section-block reading-width" aria-labelledby="p1-pinout">
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<span class="section-label">04 // Verified ESP32-S3-N16R8 Pinout & Bus Architecture</span>
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<h2 id="p1-pinout">Master Node GPIO Allocation</h2>
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<table class="spec-table">
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th scope="col">Subsystem / Peripheral</th>
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<th scope="col">ESP32-S3 GPIO</th>
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<th scope="col">Interface & Engineering Notes</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>Dual Hall-Effect Joysticks (4 Axes)</strong></td>
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<td><code>GPIO 4, 5, 6, 7</code></td>
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<td>12-bit SAR <code>ADC1</code> (<code>LX, LY, RX, RY</code>) — avoids ADC2 Wi-Fi/RF conflicts</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>MAX4466 Electret Mic Preamp</strong></td>
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<td><code>GPIO 1</code></td>
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<td><code>ADC1_CH0</code> analog audio envelope & FFT voice input</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>Shared SPI2 Bus (MOSI / MISO / SCK)</strong></td>
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<td><code>GPIO 11 / 13 / 12</code></td>
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<td>High-speed SPI2 bus shared by nRF24L01+, ST7789 TFT, and MicroSD</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>nRF24L01+ 2.4 GHz Radio</strong></td>
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<td><code>CE: 9, CSN: 10</code></td>
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<td>Dedicated 100 µF electrolytic + 100 nF ceramic decoupling on 3.3V rail</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>1.3" ST7789 IPS TFT (240×240)</strong></td>
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<td><code>CS: 40, DC: 41, RST: 42</code></td>
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<td>Hardware Chip Select added so TFT shares SPI2 cleanly with nRF24 & SD</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>MicroSD Card Module</strong></td>
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<td><code>CS: 39</code></td>
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<td>Stores telemetry logs, profiles, and UI assets over SPI2</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>Rotary Encoder (KY-040)</strong></td>
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<td><code>CLK: 15, DT: 16, SW: 17</code></td>
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<td>Hardware <code>PCNT</code> quadrature decoder with 1000 ns glitch filter</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>2N2222A BJT Low-Side Switch</strong></td>
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<td><code>GPIO 21</code> (via 1 kΩ base R)</td>
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<td>Drives external loads with <code>1N4001</code> / <code>1N5817</code> flyback protection</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</section>
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<!-- Phase 1 vs Phase 2 BOM -->
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<section class="section-block reading-width" aria-labelledby="p1-bom">
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<span class="section-label">05 // Build Roadmap & Phase 2 Console BOM</span>
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<h2 id="p1-bom">From Rev 0.1 Carrier to the DT-100 Desktop Console</h2>
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<div class="callout-box amber">
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<span class="callout-title">Phase 2 Hardware Upgrade (Direnc.net Procurement List)</span>
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<p>
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The controller is transitioning from the bare Rev 0.1 perfboard carrier into a professional desktop console housing. Once the Phase 2 components below are mounted, the ESP-IDF firmware will be updated with drivers for each module:
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</p>
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<ul style="margin-bottom:0;">
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<li><strong>Enclosure:</strong> DT-100 Desktop Instrument Case (Black ABS, <code>190 × 137 × 59 mm</code>)</li>
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<li><strong>Joysticks:</strong> 2× K-Silver High-Precision Hall-Effect 2-Axis Gimbals</li>
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<li><strong>Display & Storage:</strong> 1.3" ST7789 IPS TFT LCD (240×240) + SPI MicroSD Card Module</li>
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<li><strong>Audio Preamp:</strong> MAX4466 Electret Microphone Amplifier with Adjustable Gain</li>
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<li><strong>Power & Switching:</strong> MT3608 2A DC-DC Boost Converter, 12–24V White LED Waterproof Latching Switch, KTS303 3-Pin Toggle Switch, 180° Slide Switch</li>
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<li><strong>Discrete Protection:</strong> 2N2222 NPN BJT Transistor, 1N5817 1A 20V Schottky Diode, 1N4001 1A 50V Rectifier Diode (DO-41)</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</section>
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</article>
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<div>
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<strong>Ertunç Özbay</strong> — Electrical & Electronics Engineering Student • <a href="mailto:ertunc.ozbay@outlook.com">ertunc.ozbay@outlook.com</a>
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